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Public Opinion Quarterly 2005 69(1):113-123; doi:10.1093/poq/nfi003
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org.

Self-Reported versus Proxy-Reported Voter Turnout in the Current Population Survey

Benjamin Highton

University of California, Davis

Address correspondence to the author; e-mail: bhighton{at}ucdavis.edu.

The Current Population Survey (CPS) Voter Supplement is a premier source of data on turnout in the United States. A little-known aspect of the survey is that for a sizable proportion of people, turnout is measured by proxy—one member of a household reports for another member—rather than self-reports of having voted. The purpose of this research note is to investigate how the use of proxy-reported turnout affects conclusions about the determinants of turnout in America. The results suggest a generally optimistic assessment. Although proxy-reported turnout is about 4 percentage points lower than self-reported turnout, the individual-level correlates of turnout and interstate turnout differences are mostly similar for the two measures.


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