RATING SCALES NUMERIC VALUES MAY CHANGE THE MEANING OF SCALE LABELS

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Title RATING SCALES NUMERIC VALUES MAY CHANGE THE MEANING OF SCALE LABELS

Author(s) NORBERT SCHWARZ, BÄRBEL KNÄUPER, HANS-J. HIPPLER, ELISABETH NOELLE-NEUMANN, LESLIE CLARK, program director at ZUMA and Privatdozent of psychology at the University of Heidelbergresearch associate at ZUMAproject director at ZUMAfounder and director of the Institute für Demoskopie Allensbach, and professor emeritus of mass communication at the University of Mainzassistant professor of psychology at Purdue University

Identifiers Public Opinion Quarterly, volume 55, page 570

Copyright © 1991, the American Association for Public Opinion Research

Availability Other sites: JSTOR [No subscription required for AAPOR members] *

* For AAPOR membership information, or to login for access if already a member, please visit www.AAPOR.org.
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Title	RATING SCALES NUMERIC VALUES MAY CHANGE THE MEANING OF SCALE LABELS
Author(s)	NORBERT SCHWARZ, BÄRBEL KNÄUPER, HANS-J. HIPPLER, ELISABETH NOELLE-NEUMANN, LESLIE CLARK, program director at ZUMA and Privatdozent of psychology at the University of Heidelbergresearch associate at ZUMAproject director at ZUMAfounder and director of the Institute für Demoskopie Allensbach, and professor emeritus of mass communication at the University of Mainzassistant professor of psychology at Purdue University
Identifiers	Public Opinion Quarterly, volume 55, page 570
Copyright	© 1991, the American Association for Public Opinion Research
Availability	Other sites: JSTOR [No subscription required for AAPOR members] *

				N. Malhotra, J. A. Krosnick, and R. K. Thomas Optimal Design of Branching Questions to Measure Bipolar Constructs Public Opin Q, June 1, 2009; 73(2): 304 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Christian, N. L. Parsons, and D. A. Dillman Designing Scalar Questions for Web Surveys Sociological Methods Research, February 1, 2009; 37(3): 393 - 425. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. Toepoel, M. Das, and A. Van Soest Effects of Design in Web Surveys: Comparing Trained and Fresh Respondents Public Opin Q, December 1, 2008; 72(5): 985 - 1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]